- Orange – Parliamentary republics
- Green – Presidential republics, executive presidency linked to a parliament
- Yellow – Semi-presidential republics
- Blue – Full presidential republics
- Red – Parliamentary constitutional monarchies in which the monarch does not personally exercise power
- Magenta – Constitutional monarchies in which the monarch personally exercises power, often (but not always) alongside a weak parliament
- Purple – Absolute monarchies
- Brown – Countries where the dominant role of a single political party or coalition is codified in the constitution
- Dark green – Countries where constitutional provisions for government have been suspended
- Gray – Countries that do not fit in any of the above listed systems
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
Absolute monarchy is a monarchial form of government in which the monarch exercises ultimate governing authority as head of state and head of government; his or her powers are not limited by a constitution or by the law. An absolute monarch wields unrestricted political power over the sovereign state and its people. Absolute monarchies are often hereditary but other means of transmission of power are attested. Absolute monarchy differs from limited monarchy, in which the monarch’s authority is legally bound or restricted by a constitution; consequently, an absolute monarch is an autocrat.
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the guidelines of a constitution, whether it be a written, uncodified, or blended constitution. This form of government differs from absolute monarchy in which an absolute monarch serves as the source of power in the state and is not legally bound by any constitution and has the powers to regulate his or her respective government. Constitutional monarchies are sometimes referred to as limited monarchies, crowned republics orparliamentary monarchies.
REPUBLIC
A Republic is a form of government in which affairs of state are a “public matter” (Latin: res publica), not the private concern of the rulers, in which public offices are subsequently appointed or elected rather than privately accommodated, i.e. through inheritance or divine mandate. In modern times, the common definition of a republic is a government which excludes a monarch.
HEAD OF THE STATE:
In a monarchy, federation, republic, commonwealth or any other form of state, the Head of the State is an individual who is the chief public representative. In a Parliamentary form of government, the Prime Minister or Premier is the Head of the Government. He is the leader of the ruling party and is chief of the executive branch.
The main roles or duties of the Head of the State include exercising political functions and political powers, and legitimizing the state. Head’s of State are largely ceremonial; the duties and responsibilities of the head of the State include, implementing laws, supervising bureaucracy, and making all-important decisions with the approval of the cabinet.
In the Presidential form of government, the President, who is the head of the State, as well as the Head of the Government is not the chief legislator. In parliamentary forms of government the PM ,who is the head of the government, is a member of the legislature, thus being the chief of the legislative branch .
Name | Constitutional form | Head of state | Basis of executive legitimacy |
---|---|---|---|
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency and ministry are subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Absolute monarchy | Executive | All authority vested in absolute monarch |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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n/a | n/a | No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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n/a | n/a | No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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n/a | n/a | No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency and ministry are subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency and ministry are subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency and ministry are subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Absolute monarchy | Executive | All authority vested in absolute monarch |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Absolute monarchy | Executive | All authority vested in absolute monarch |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Absolute monarchy | Executive | All authority vested in absolute monarch |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency and ministry are subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Absolute monarchy | Executive | All authority vested in absolute monarch |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Executive | Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions |
![]() |
Constitutional monarchy | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Ceremonial | Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence |
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Absolute monarchy | Executive | All authority vested in absolute monarch |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
![]() |
Republic | Executive | Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency is independent of legislature |
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Republic | Executive | Presidency independent of legislature; ministry subject to parliamentary confidence |
Note that Switzerland is coloured in blue, despite resembling a parliamentary republic system, in the way the president is not independent from legislature, and as he or she and ministry are being appointed by parliament, neither the President and ministry are subject to parliamentary confidence, constituting a directorial system.
Note that this chart aims to represent de jure systems of government, not the de facto degree of democracy. Several states constitutionally deemed to be multiparty republics may also be broadly described as authoritarian states.
Countries highlighted in blue are designated “electoral democracies” in Freedom House’s 2013 survey “Freedom in the World”. Freedom House considers democracy in practice, not merely official claims.
A world map distinguishing countries of the world as monarchies (red) from other forms of government (blue). Many monarchies are considered electoral democracies because the monarch is largely ritual; in other cases the monarch is the only powerful political authority.
__________________________
Source & Courtesy : Wikipedia & www.differencebetween.net
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Reblogged this on Oyia Brown.
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